Вариант с true
<!DOCTYPE HTML>
<html>
<head>
<title>Untitled</title>
</head>
<body>
<input type="button" id="test">
<input type="checkbox" id="pole">
<script>
document.getElementById('test')
.addEventListener("click",
function () {
var p = document.getElementById('pole'),
i = p.cloneNode();
i.checked = true;
p.parentNode.replaceChild(i,p)
})
</script>
</body>
</html>