еще вариант
<head>
<title>Untitled</title>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<script src="https://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/1.9.1/jquery.min.js"></script>
<script>
$(function () {
$('body').on('click', 'a[href ^= #urok]', function () {
alert('text/' + this.hash.replace("#urok","") + '.txt')
return false
});
});
</script>
</head>
<body>
<a href="#urok1">1</a>
<a href="#urok2">2</a>
<a href="#urok3">3</a>
<a href="#urok4">4</a>
<a href="#urok5">5</a>
</body>