Alexander Belov,
<!DOCTYPE HTML>
<html>
<head>
<title>Untitled</title>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<style type="text/css">
td {
border: 1px solid blue;
height: 100px;
width: 100px;
}
td[data-cell|="2"] {
background-color: red;
}
input {
margin-bottom: 20px;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<form>
<input data-type="number" placeholder="Day" id="number" maxlength="2" >
</form>
<table>
<tr>
<td data-cell="1-01-15"></td>
<td data-cell="2-01-15"></td>
<td data-cell="3-01-15"></td>
<td data-cell="4-01-15"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td data-cell="5-01-15"></td>
<td data-cell="6-01-15"></td>
<td data-cell="7-01-15"></td>
<td data-cell="8-01-15"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td data-cell="9-01-15"></td>
<td data-cell="10-01-15"></td>
<td data-cell="11-01-15"></td>
<td data-cell="12-01-15"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td data-cell="13-01-15"></td>
<td data-cell="14-01-15"></td>
<td data-cell="15-01-15"></td>
<td data-cell="16-01-15"></td>
</tr>
</table>
<script>
var number = document.getElementById('number');
number.onchange = function() {
var v = this.value;
var tdAttr = document.querySelector('td[data-cell|="'+v+'"]');
if(tdAttr) { tdAttr.style.backgroundColor = 'red'
}
}
</script>
</body>
</html>