[Decode]

<span class="cart-icon" data-price-dollar="0.05" data-price-rub="3" data-price-kolvo="416" data-type="VK (РФ, в логине)">
  <a href="#" class="zakaz-button">купить</a>
</span>

<span class="cart-icon" data-price-dollar="0.05" data-price-rub="3" data-price-kolvo="416" data-type="VK (РФ, в логине)">
  <a href="#" class="zakaz-button">купить</a>
</span>

<span class="cart-icon" data-price-dollar="0.05" data-price-rub="3" data-price-kolvo="416" data-type="VK (РФ, в логине)">
  <a href="#" class="zakaz-button">купить</a>
</span>

<script src="https://code.jquery.com/jquery-2.1.4.js"></script>

<script>
  $(document).on('click', '.cart-icon', function() {
    var data_price_dollar = $(this).data('price-dollar');
    var data_price_rub = $(this).data('price-rub');
    var data_price_kolvo = $(this).data('price-kolvo');
    var data_type = $(this).data('type');

    console.log([data_price_dollar, data_price_rub, data_price_kolvo, data_type]);
  });
</script>