Kukolnik,
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Untitled</title>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<style type="text/css">
.red {
color: red;
}
.green td{
color: #FFFFFF;
background-color: green;
padding: 4px 8px;
}
.button {
width: 10px;
height: 10px;
border: 1px solid;
}
</style>
<script src="https://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/1.12.4/jquery.min.js"></script>
<script>
$(function() {
var but = $('.button'), red = $('.red');
but.click(function(){
var i = but.index(this);
red.eq(i).toggleClass('green');
});
});
</script>
</head>
<body>
<table>
<tr class="red"><td>текст</td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="button"></div></td></tr>
<tr class="red"><td>текст</td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="button"></div></td></tr>
<tr class="red"><td>текст</td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="button"></div></td></tr>
</table>
</body>
</html>