Aleksandr Chirkov,
<form>
<input type="date" value="2017-10-25" id="calendarForTasks">
</form>
<script>
function showCurrentDate(){
var d = new Date(),
new_value=d.toISOString().slice(0,10);
document.getElementById("calendarForTasks").value=new_value;
}
showCurrentDate();
</script>