Нельзя устанавливать одинаковый id для разных элементов
Атрибут id должен быть уникальным.
<!DOCTYPE html>
<htmll lang="ru">
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8">
</head>
<body>
<table class="table">
<tr>
<td><label><input class="form-check-input" id="checkbox" type="checkbox" value="item1"><img src="i/01.gif" class="pic" />Здание цеха</lable></div></td>
<td><label><input class="form-check-input" id="checkbox" type="checkbox" value="item3"><img src="i/03.gif" class="pic" />Станок</lable></div></td>
<td><label><input class="form-check-input" id="checkbox" type="checkbox" value="item4"><img src="i/04.gif" class="pic" />Сляб</lable></div></td>
<td><label><input class="form-check-input" id="checkbox" type="checkbox" value="item5"><img src="i/05.gif" class="pic" />Запчасти</lable></div></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><label><input class="form-check-input" id="checkbox" type="checkbox" value="item6"><img src="i/37.gif" class="pic" />Вагон</lable></td>
<td><label><input class="form-check-input" id="checkbox" type="checkbox" value="item7"><img src="i/07.gif" class="pic" />Паровой котел</lable></td>
<td><label><input class="form-check-input" id="checkbox" type="checkbox" value="item8"><img src="i/08.gif" class="pic" />Трактор</lable></td>
<td><label><input class="form-check-input" id="checkbox" type="checkbox" value="item9"><img src="i/09.gif" class="pic" />Автомобиль</lable></td>
<td><label><input class="form-check-input" id="checkbox" type="checkbox" value="item10"><img src="i/10.gif" class="pic" />Компьютер</lable></td>
</tr>
<tr><td><div id="ok"><button id="btn" class="btn btn-sm btn-outline-primary" disabled="disabled" ONCLICK="ok1();">Готово</button></div></td></tr>
</table>
<script>
let chbs = [...document.querySelectorAll('.form-check-input')]
chbs.forEach (el => el.addEventListener('change', () => document.getElementById('btn').disabled = chbs.every( x => ! x.checked) ) )
</script>
</body>
</html>